What Is Cortisol?
Cortisol is a chemical messenger produced when the brain tells the adrenal glands “Hey, we need some energy, now!” Cortisol triggers a release of insulin into the blood stream, mobilizing the body’s flight or fight response. After the initial alarm, cortisol production winds down. However, when there is chronic, sustained stress, the body may begin a descent “down the rabbit hole” into adrenal imbalance, creating many different types of problems.
Early, Mid, and Late Stage Stress Response
Early Stage Stress Response
Ongoing stress initially creates a great deal of cortisol production. If the person does not fight, flee, or otherwise use up the excess energy, he or she may experience some or all of these symptoms:
- weight gain
- anxiety
- restlessness
- insomnia
- poor concentration
A stressed-out person may take substances, legal and illegal, to calm down, think straight and focus. In my clinical experience, a very high percentage of kids and adults who believe they have symptoms of ADD or ADHD are in fact experiencing chronic stress. Most likely, their cortisol levels are very high.
Sometimes, constant stress damages the cortisol receptors. As this happens, the body shuts down the override or feedback mechanisms, and the blood levels of cortisol remain high.
At that point, the body’s natural feedback process isn’t working well. If the stress continues, the adrenal glands, which produce cortisol, start to become depleted.
Mid Stage Stress Response
When the adrenal gland continues to secrete cortisol over a sustained period, the person enters an early stage of adrenal depletion. Cortisol levels start to decrease as the brain’s receptor cells become damaged. The person begins to show these signs:
- low energy
- fatigue
- easily overwhelmed
- mild depression
- a degree of mental fog
…among other symptoms.
Cortisol imbalances are frequently associated with disruptions in other key areas such as the endocrine hormones, such as estrogen and thyroid hormones, the immune system, as well as neurotransmitter levels.
At this point, if
- the stressors are not resolved
- the person keeps up a hectic pace
- there is little nutritional, nutraceutical, or other support
the next, fairly drastic stage is adrenal fatigue.
Late Stage Stress Response
This depleted stage, also known as late chronic stress, is often termed adrenal fatigue. Cortisol levels, once very high, are now very low. The person may suffer these symptoms:
- very low levels of energy
- brain fog
- reliance on carbohyrates and caffeine
- chronic infections
- gastro-intestinal issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome
- salt cravings
Small wonder that women living with disordered men have more than their share of problems. These problems include:
- thyroid imbalances
- anxiety
- sleep disturbances
- irritability
- weight gain
- sex hormone imbalances
- auto-immune diseases
Because the adrenal glands play such an important role in the development of many of the body’s biochemical’s, some clinicians question whether extreme, ongoing stress plays a role in women developing estrogen-sensitive tumors.
Next month I will provide more information on cortisol imbalances, including further reading and treatment options. One website I recommend is the
Joan-Marie Lartin, PhD, RN
