» Research (Articles)

Successful and Unsuccessful Psychopaths: A Neurobiological Model

dl — Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:37:33 +0000

by Yu Gao, Ph.D., and Adrian Raine, D. Phil.

Despite increasing interest in psychopathy research, surprisingly little is known about
the etiology of non-incarcerated, successful psychopaths. This review provides an
analysis of current knowledge on the similarities and differences between successful
and unsuccessful psychopaths derived from five population sources: community
samples, individuals from employment agencies, college students, industrial psychopaths,
and serial killers.

PTSD Study: Kids also Vulnerable to Stress, Depression

dl — Tue, 10 Aug 2010 04:52:32 +0000

Popular wisdom has long held that young children survive traumatic events better than adults do, in part because they suffer less. Being too young to understand fully the nature of what’s happening around them – during war or natural disaster, for instance – they should bounce back with much more resilience.

But new research on child survivors of Hurricane Katrina and witnesses of the 9/11 terrorist attacks suggests otherwise. “There is increasing evidence that kids know what is going on if they are directly exposed and see something like planes crashing into the [World Trade Center] towers,” says child psychologist Claude Chemtob of New York University, lead author of one of several new papers on children and disaster, published in a special section of the July and August issue of Child Development.

EMDR and the Lessons from Neuroscience Research

dl — Mon, 09 Aug 2010 04:04:20 +0000

Excerpt from a research paper written by Bessel A. van der Kolk, M.D.:

Research in laboratories devoted to elucidating human memory processes have consistently shown that memory is an active and constructive process: the mind constantly re-assembles old impressions and attaches them to new information. Memories, instead of precise recollections, are transformed into stories that we tell ourselves and others, in order to convey a coherent narrative of our experience of the world. Rarely do our minds generate precise images, smells, sensations, or muscular actions that accurately replicate earlier experiences.

However, learning from individuals who have been diagnosed with PTSD confronted us with the fact that, after having been traumatized, particular emotions, images, sensations, and muscular reactions related to the trauma may become deeply imprinted on people’s minds and that these traumatic imprints seem to be re-experienced without appreciable transformation, months, years or even decades after the actual event occurred (Janet, 1889, 1894; van der Kolk & van der Hart, 1991; van der Kolk & Fisler, 1995; van der Kolk, Osterman, & Hopper, 2000).

Suffering Souls: The Search for the Roots of Psychopathy.

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:53:41 +0000

Excerpt from The New Yorker website:

The Western New Mexico Correctional Facility sits in high-desert country about seventy miles west of Albuquerque. Grants, a former uranium boomtown that depends heavily on prison work, is a few miles down the road. There’s a glassed-in room at the top of the prison tower, with louvered windows and, on the ceiling, a big crank that operates a searchlight. In a box on the floor are some tear-gas shells that can be fired down into the yard should there be a riot. Below is the prison complex—a series of low six-sided buildings, divided by high hurricane fences topped with razor wire that glitters fiercely in the desert sun. To the east is the snow-covered peak of Mt. Taylor, the highest in the region; to the west, the Zuni Mountains are visible in the blue distance.

The Invisible Epidemic: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Memory and the Brain

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:53:05 +0000

Excerpt from The Doctor Will See You Now website:

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is something of an invisible epidemic. The events underlying it are often mysterious and always unpleasant.

Some People Really Feel Your Pain

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:52:39 +0000

Excerpt from Telegraph.co.uk:

Researchers found that around one in three people actually feel physical discomfort when they see someone else in agony.

The findings could explain why some people are more empathetic to other people’s misery.

Brain Activity Exposes Those Who Break Promises

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:52:06 +0000

Excerpt from Science Daily:

Scientists from the University of Zurich have discovered the physiological mechanisms in the brain that underlie broken promises. Patterns of brain activity even enable predicting whether someone will break a promise.

Suffering Souls – The Search for the Roots of Psychopathy

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:51:36 +0000

Excerpt from The New Yorker:

The Western New Mexico Correctional Facility sits in high-desert country about seventy miles west of Albuquerque. Grants, a former uranium boomtown that depends heavily on prison work, is a few miles down the road. There’s a glassed-in room at the top of the prison tower, with louvred windows and, on the ceiling, a big crank that operates a searchlight. In a box on the floor are some tear-gas shells that can be fired down into the yard should there be a riot. Below is the prison complex—a series of low six-sided buildings, divided by high hurricane fences topped with razor wire that glitters fiercely in the desert sun. To the east is the snow-covered peak of Mt. Taylor, the highest in the region; to the west, the Zuni Mountains are visible in the blue distance.

Psychopaths’ Brains Wired to Seek Rewards

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:51:06 +0000

Excerpt from Science Daily:

The brains of psychopaths appear to be wired to keep seeking a reward at any cost, new research from Vanderbilt University finds. The research uncovers the role of the brain’s reward system in psychopathy and opens a new area of study for understanding what drives these individuals.

“This study underscores the importance of neurological research as it relates to behavior,” Dr. Francis S. Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, said. “The findings may help us find new ways to intervene before a personality trait becomes antisocial behavior.”

A Neuroscientist Uncovers a Dark Secret

dl — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:50:00 +0000

Excerpt from NPR:

The criminal brain has always held a fascination for James Fallon. For nearly 20 years, the neuroscientist at the University of California Irvine has studied the brains of psychopaths. He studies the biological basis for behavior, and one of his specialties is to try to figure out how a killer’s brain differs from yours and mine.

About four years ago, Fallon made a startling discovery. It happened during a conversation with his then 88-year-old mother, Jenny at a family barbecue.

“And I said, ‘Jim, why don’t you find out about your father’s relatives?’” Jenny Fallon recalls. “I think there were some cuckoos back there.”